Chapter+8

=Getting Up Early= It is not yet light, but Aurelia, the mother of Marcus and Cornelia, now is busy in the house. She is angry because she sees the slaves sitting. "Come on, wretched slaves!" she says. "Why do you not do anything? Why do you sit there? Why are you not working hard? It is necessary to prepare everything at once because we return to Rome today." Now the slaves are working hard. Then Aurelia prepares to wake up the boys. Therefore she enters the bedroom of Marcus. She shouts, "Come on, Marcus! It is time to get up. We are preparing to return to the city." Marcus hears his mother but does not respond. Then Aurelia enters the bedroom of Sextus. She shouts, "Come on, Sextus! It is time to get up." Sextus gets up immediately. He quickly puts on his tunic and toga and in a short time runs from the bedroom. A second time Aurelia enters the bedroom of Marcus. Again she shouts, "Come on Marcus! We are now working hard. Why do you alone not get up?" Marcus groans. "I do not get up, " he says, "because I do not want to return to Rome. Why is it also necessary for me to return to the city? The princeps calls my father to the city. He wants to consult father. He does not want to consult Marcus." Suddenly Gaius enters, the father of Marcus, and shouts, "but I want to consult Marcus! Why, Marcus, do you annoy me today? Why do you not get up? Why do you not yet have your tunic and toga on, wicked boy?" Marcus does not respond, but immediately gets up because he fears his father.

Grammar
As you have seen before, changing the ending of a Latin word changes how the word works in a sentence. So far, with verbs, you have seen that changing the ending changes who does the action of the verb. These are the forms you have seen so far: Ad villam redire nol**o**. **I** do not want to return to the house. Cur non surgi**s**? Why do **you** not get up? Gaius cubiculum Sexti intra**t**. **Gaius** enters the bedroom of Sextus. Surgere para**mus**. **We** are preparing to get up. Cur nihil faci**tis**? Why do **you** (slaves) do nothing? Cornelia et Flavia in agris ambulabant. Cornelia and Flavia are walking in the fields.
 * Person || Singular || Plural ||
 * 1 || -o I (ego) || -mus we (nos) ||
 * 2 || -s you (tu) || -tis you (vos) ||
 * 3 || -t he/she/it || -nt they ||

The chart above is how you see the verb endings as they will appear in your book. In the parentheses are the pronouns that can be paired with that ending for emphasis. The chart below shows the endings paired with //ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatus.//
 * Person || Singular || Plural ||
 * 1 || //ambulo// I walk || //ambulamus// we walk ||
 * 2 || //ambulas// you walk || //ambulatis// you (pl.) walk ||
 * 3 || //ambulat// he/she/it walks || //ambulant// they walk ||

The verb //sum, esse// does not form quite like other verbs as the stem changes.
 * Person || Singluar || Pluarl ||
 * 1 || //sum// I am || //sumus// we are ||
 * 2 || //es// you are || //estis// you are ||
 * 3 || //est// he/she/it is || //sunt// they are ||

Vocative You may have noticed that Aurelia was shouting a lot in this story and that people's names chaged when she did so. Normally, when you shout at someone, their name does not change in appearence. If your name is masculine and ends in -us, then it will change to -e when you are shouted at. This is known as the vocative case.

Culture
Patria Potestas Paterfamilias- supreme head of the house hold familias- family including wife, married and unmarried children and slaves dominus-master manus- full legal power, literally means hand patria potestas - fatherly power, ultimate control by the father over his children amore ille penitus insitus- "that love implanted deeply within," how Cicero described his feelings for his children

Roman fathers had significantly more and diverse powers over their family than modern fathers. They could determine who their children married, could sell and kill his slaves, could kill his children, owned all the property, or could force his children to divorce. Such power was supposedly given to Roman fathers by Romulus, the first king of Rome. A father's power remained over his children until his death or until he released them from his power. A woman entering marriage could either remain in her father's patria potestas or enter into her husband's with a "marriage wit manus." Despite such extreme power fathers still demonstrated great affection for their children and very rarely did fathers ever use the most severe punishments for their children.